smu assignment of Bsc IT 1st sem Fundamentals of IT

                                         Fall 2014 – ASSIGNMENT           

PROGRAM	B. SC IT
SEMESTER	FIRST
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0062- Fundamentals of IT

Q NO.1 What is the role of computers in business and in science an engineering? Explain.

Answer: The computer is used in all domains and it has innovatively which increased the performance. It is used as a powerful information processing systems and store data.

Computer in Business:

The computer are used to keep the customer record, product details and financial records. In big companies, they keep the employee’s record in the database systems and managed by the computer program. Similarly the business information’s are stored in the database and also used to do the billing for customer, tracking the payment received from the customer and payment to be made to the computer. It can also be used to track the items procured, stored, shipped and sold. The computer can be used a day in to day out of the companies.

In large scale many businesses has replaced the cash register to the point of sale (POS) system. The POS system can do the billing receipt, updates the database of the inventory. This helps the business person to keep track of the product without any mishandling of the product. Robots are used in big industry which is controlled by the computers. Robots are used in the hot, heavy and hazardous industry. In these industries human intervention may lead to medical complications to the human and also leads to the boredom and fatigue of the human. Simple example of usage of robots is used in big factories for the repetitive work, like assembling the car, movement of the car from the one place of work to the other place of workshop.

Computers in Science & Engineering:

The super computer is used in meteorology, to predict the weather forecast using complex mathematical modal. This helps the govt. to plan for various activity such as agriculture, natural calamity etc.

The latest application in the computer are used to design and simulate the various products before it is actually manufactured. Simple example are Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing programs, often called CAD & CAM respectively. Some application helps the engineer to simulate the very complex design such as power station, space station, etc.

Q NO.2 Differentiate between primary memory and secondary memory.

Answer: The memory hierarchy is very crucial operation functionality in the computer and can be categorized into primary and secondary memory. Both these memories vary in the speed, cost and capacity. Primary memory is considered as a main memory that is accessed directly by the computer, so as to store and retrieve information. Secondary memory is considered as an external or additional memory, this memory is not directly accessed by the CPU because, the secondary memory is an external storage device, It can be used as a permanent memory, because even the computer is turned off we can retrieve the information.

Primary memory vs Secondary memory

·        Processor access the primary memory in a random fashion. Unlike primary memory, secondary memory is not directly accessed through CPU. The accessing of the primary memory through CPU is done by making use of address and data buses, whereas input/ output channels are used to access the secondary memory.

·        The primary memory is embedded with two types of memory technologies; they are the RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory). The secondary memory is accessible in the form of Mass storage devices such as hard disk, memory chips, Pen drive, floppy disk storage media, CD and DVD.

·        Primary memory is volatile in nature, while secondary memory is nonvolatile. The information that is stored in the primary memory cannot be retained when the power is turned off. In case of secondary memory, the information can be retrieved even if the power is turned off because the data will not be destructed until and unless the user erases it.

·        When the data processing speed is compared between the primary and secondary memory, the primary memory is much faster than the secondary memory.

·        In the cost perspective, the primary memory is costlier than the secondary memory devices. Because of this reasons most of the computer users install smaller primary memory and larger secondary memory.

·        As the secondary memory is permanent, all the files and programs are stored in the secondary memory most and as the primary memory interacts very fast with the micro-processor, when the computer needs to access the files that are stored in the secondary memory, then such files are first loaded into the primary memory and then accessed by the computer.

Q NO.3 What is cache memory? Explain the importance of cache computer memory.

Answer: Cache memory is very expensive and seats closer to the processor. Depending on the system architecture cache memory size and types varies. In most of the system there are Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2) Memory. The Level 1 memory is inside the microprocessor and the level 2 memory is place between the microprocessor and the RAM. These memories are primarily used for the fater data retrieval.

Importance of Cache Memory

Cache Memory is another important part that can be encountered on board the motherboard. Serves as principal assistant (RAM) in running the computer's performance. Although limited in capacity, but has a high speed whose value was also more expensive than main memory. By arrangement works, this component is between main memory and processor registers.

Cache Memory itself, actually terbag into two types, depending on the position where we are. To Cache Memory which is located on the motherboard called the External Cache Memory or also known as the second lever (L2). The memory of this type certainly has a very high speed. Based on the existing default on the motherboard, External Cache Memory has a capacity range of 256 Kb, 512 Kb, 1 Mb, or even 2 MB. Then in addition to the motherboard, Cache Memory is also found in the processor or the so-called Internal Cache Memory. Internal Cache Memory has a speed much higher than the External Cache memory. And this new class processor found in the Pentium III and above. The higher the quality the Internal Cache Memory. A processor then the processor's performance will be the maximum anyway.

Q NO.4 Write the steps to insert one or more columns and one or more cells in MS Excel.

Answer:

To Insert One or More Columns

(1) To insert one column: follow the steps listed below.

·        Select the cell to left of which you want to insert the column.

·        Click on the insert button on the Menu bar.

·        Click on the Column option from the drop down menu.

(2) To insert more than on column: Follow the steps listed below:

·        Select the cell to left of which you want to insert the columns

·        Block the number of columns to be inserted

·        Click on the columns option from the drop down menu.

To Insert One or More Rows

(1) To insert one row: follow the steps listed below.

·        Select the cell to above which you want to insert the row.

·        Click on the insert button on the Menu bar.

·        Click on the Row option from the drop down menu.

(2)  To insert more than one Rows: follow the steps listed below.

·        Select the cell to above which you want to insert the rows.

·        Block the number of Rows to be inserted.

·        Click on the Insert button on the Menu bar.

·        Click on the Row option from the drop down menu.

 Q NO.5 What do you mean by animations? Explain web animation.

Answer: An animation is the reproduction of idea/concept. Animation has evolved from the drawing. The animation is of two types they are:

·        Cell based animation

·        Object based animation

Cell based animation is multiple drawing done with slight modification. When they are used in sequential motion, it forms simple animation effects is called cell based animation. The cell based animation are most commonly used to academia domain to explain the more details work.

Object based animation is moving the object in the front of the stable camera screen is also called slide or path animation. Objet animation are commonly used in the GPS tracking in military application.

          

                                       Fig. Animation Effect

Web Application

 Most animation that appear on the World Wide Web are animated GIF files. GIF stands for Graphic Interchange File. It is a cross platform format so a single file can be displayed on both Windows and Macintosh computers. It is possible to burry multiple image layers (or frames) in a single GIF file and them back one at a time.

Each drawing changes just a little so that when they are shown in rapid sequence the figure appears to be moving. The speed at which the images are displayed is called the frames rate, and measured as frames per second (fps).

There are many different programs available to help you create GIF animation. Each program you see to create animated GIFs, there are several points to remember when planning an animation for the web:

·        Try to keep the size of the animation down. This means two things. First the details animations i.e., no comprise in the expected delivery of information.

·        Second, the animation size. It must be small so that it can be downloaded faster.

·        Animated GIFs only allow 256 colors. This places the restriction on the color usage. If more extensive color is used, may get last in gif file preparation. Enough care must be taken will preparing gif file.

·        The finished animation should run at the proper speed. Most animation programs allow you to set the speed that each individual frame of an animation runs. It is possible to set each frames display time individually.

·        Finally, include enough cells top make action look realistic.

The user must take enough care when preparing the animation file. More the frames, more the time required to load in the web. Simple math if file size is 90 kb with 56 kb modem, it will take 15 seconds to load the file. The end user can prepare the animation file to his/her requirement i.e., 15 framesanimation, 8 frames animations, 4 frames animations, etc. Web Animation

Q NO.6 What is Internet? What is the use of it Internet in the modern world.

Answer: The Internet is called Network of Networks. The network systems are communicating in the internet using standard protocol called Internet using standard protocol called Internet Protocol(IP).

The Internet is a collection of networks. To transmit the data in the network, the data’s are broken down into small of chuck of data. These chucks data is wrapped id and another information to make them packets. Later it is transmitted in the network to reach the receiver systems.

No one owns the internet. The technical committee will take care of the technical aspects of the internet and no one can control the committee. The internet traffic is controlled by the private companies.

Internet is global collection of high powered computer. They connected to each other by the cable, satellite, etc. some computers (servers) on the internet store documents, sounds files, video clips, program files,  electronics shopping centres, animations, pictures, interactive contents and other information that can be stored and presented electronically. All these resources are available to all computers connected to the internet.

In internet, anyone can communicate with anyone in the internet. It provides the lots of platform to communicate; they are electronic mail, chat, video, confrences, etc.

                       

                              Fig. Networks of networks

Use of internet

·        Search for information: In the internet, there are sites that have electronic versions of classic literature pages and pages of movie facts, stock quotes, collection of music and other interactive contents and mountains of additional information. Since there is awful lot of information, you may have trouble finding a place to start.

·        Electronically mail: One of the widely used features on the internet is electronics mail(e-mail). With e-mail you can send globally just by paying local telephones charges. When someone sends you an e-mail, it is sorted in your mailbox. Using the e-mail program, connects your ISP, downloaded your message to your local hard disk. E-mail eliminates the need of postage stamps and greatly reduces the time taken to send and receive messages.

·         Chat with other people: if you like talking to complete strangers and making new friends, internet is the best place. With chat programs you can chat with a group of peoples, whose geographical locations you need not know.

·        Talnet to other computers: with telnet programs, you can connect to another computers and use it as if you were sitting at its keyboard. When the telnet program connects your computer to a remote computer. The remote computer usually asks you to enter a user name and a password. On telnet sites that allow anonymous access you can enter anonymous as your user name and your e-mail address as the password.